不銹鋼多級(jí)潛水泵故障維修方式

　　不銹鋼多級(jí)潛水泵關(guān)鍵由不銹鋼金屬?gòu)?fù)合材料制做、用以潛進(jìn)水中提取地表水已做到輸送物質(zhì)為目地的泵類，材料有：304不銹鋼潛水泵、316不銹鋼深水井潛水泵、316L不銹鋼潛水泵等，關(guān)鍵運(yùn)用與自然環(huán)境相對(duì)來說極端、物質(zhì)有著一定的刺激性的情況中。不銹鋼多級(jí)潛水泵在工作中情況下免不了發(fā)生一些小問題危害潛水泵的運(yùn)作，引起一些小問題，差異的常見故障，維修方法也不一樣，此文關(guān)鍵匯總了不銹鋼多級(jí)潛水泵出現(xiàn)異常有什么狀況和維修方法及其日常的維修應(yīng)用事宜。

　　不銹鋼多級(jí)潛水泵常見問題狀況維修方法

　　1、啟動(dòng)困難或無法啟動(dòng)

　　假如蓋上電閘開關(guān)，熔斷絲馬上融斷或電機(jī)只傳出嗡嗡響而不轉(zhuǎn)或旋轉(zhuǎn)麗不做到額定轉(zhuǎn)速。都?xì)w屬于運(yùn)行層面的常見故障。一般有電氣設(shè)備和機(jī)械設(shè)備兩方面的因素：

　　電氣設(shè)備層面：(1)工作電壓稍低，電機(jī)電動(dòng)機(jī)扭矩不足。主要原因是供配電系統(tǒng)自身工作電壓稍低，變壓器大小不足或離水泵很遠(yuǎn)，也有可能是供電系統(tǒng)導(dǎo)線截面過小。(2)開關(guān)電源一相斷開或一相保險(xiǎn)絲熔斷，導(dǎo)致電機(jī)二相啟動(dòng)。(3)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)為錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)將三根火線隨意二根開展調(diào)接。

　　機(jī)械設(shè)備層面：(1)啟動(dòng)前未灌預(yù)潤(rùn)水或預(yù)潤(rùn)水流量不夠，需加灌預(yù)潤(rùn)水。(2)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸與橡膠軸承相互配合不合理，間隙過小。(3)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸彎折或葉輪徑向間隙沒調(diào)節(jié)適合，造成磨擦或卡死，應(yīng)開展修補(bǔ)或調(diào)節(jié)。(4)泵內(nèi)有臟物卡死葉輪或泵殼和滾動(dòng)軸承含有沉砂，應(yīng)立即消除。

　　2、運(yùn)行后不出水或總流量不大

　　運(yùn)行后泵旋轉(zhuǎn)，但不出水或總流量小，應(yīng)該馬上關(guān)機(jī)查驗(yàn)，時(shí)長(zhǎng)稍長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)把橡膠軸承燒蝕造成水泵震動(dòng)。主要原因有：

　　(1)泵殼在水中吞沒深層不足或井中水位降低太多，進(jìn)水管露出水面而吸進(jìn)氣體。

　　(2)水里泥沙和物品把進(jìn)水口、葉輪或?qū)畾み^流道阻塞，在裝泵前務(wù)必把泵內(nèi)或井內(nèi)臟物清理整潔。

　　(3)葉輪松動(dòng)、轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸或泵軸破裂導(dǎo)致軸轉(zhuǎn)葉輪不轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。這種問題是泵殼安裝不善或徑向間隙調(diào)整過多產(chǎn)生的。

　　(4)出水口破裂、脫口，造成很多滲水，導(dǎo)致水流量減少或不出水。

　　3、深井泵運(yùn)行時(shí)產(chǎn)生劇烈震動(dòng)

　　(1)啟動(dòng)時(shí)產(chǎn)生震動(dòng)有可能是沒加預(yù)潤(rùn)水或添加水流量不夠，應(yīng)該馬上關(guān)機(jī)充注預(yù)潤(rùn)水，以防出現(xiàn)干磨擦使橡膠軸承持續(xù)高溫后抱軸。

　　(2)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸徑向間隙過小，使葉輪和導(dǎo)水殼造成機(jī)械設(shè)備磨擦和撞擊，造成震動(dòng)，應(yīng)該馬上關(guān)機(jī)查驗(yàn)。

　　(3)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸彎折或橡膠軸承過多損壞，喪失支撐功效，使轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸晃動(dòng)，應(yīng)檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸并開展調(diào)直。

　　(4)井管不豎直，將轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸和供水管道擠彎造成震動(dòng)，應(yīng)卸掉深井泵矯直井管。

　　4、深井泵運(yùn)作情況下輸出功率擴(kuò)大

　　如果發(fā)現(xiàn)配電箱上電流計(jì)或功率因數(shù)表讀值忽然**，表明深井泵電機(jī)功率擴(kuò)大，電機(jī)負(fù)載。應(yīng)該馬上查明原因，開展解決，盡可能減少電機(jī)負(fù)載時(shí)長(zhǎng)，以防損壞電機(jī)。水泵電機(jī)功率擴(kuò)大的因素：

　　(1)葉輪徑向間隙過小，使葉輪與導(dǎo)水殼造成機(jī)械設(shè)備磨擦，應(yīng)關(guān)機(jī)調(diào)節(jié)間隙。

　　(2)填充料過緊，盡可能旋松旋蓋螺帽。

　　(3)電機(jī)軸承毀壞，應(yīng)拆換滾動(dòng)軸承。

　　(4)水里含泥沙量大，運(yùn)行構(gòu)件被泥沙阻塞，應(yīng)拆泵壓井。

　　不銹鋼多級(jí)潛水泵維修步驟：

　　1、不銹鋼多級(jí)潛水泵的大修

　　1)機(jī)封：拆換、清理

　　2)查驗(yàn)滾動(dòng)軸承和紋孔，拆換絕緣油

　　3)清除在運(yùn)作中常發(fā)覺的缺點(diǎn)和漏水，定期檢查擰緊各處地腳螺栓。

　　4)清理并維修隸屬閘閥

　　2、不銹鋼多級(jí)潛水泵的大中修：

　　1)包含大修具體內(nèi)容。

　　2)維修機(jī)封，維修并拆換零件。

　　3)瓦解、檢測(cè)各零部件的損壞、浸蝕和磨蝕水平，給予修補(bǔ)或替換。

　　4)查驗(yàn)軸的損壞、浸蝕和平行度，開展修補(bǔ)或替換。

　　5)查驗(yàn)滾動(dòng)軸承的破損狀況，修磨活塞銷，調(diào)節(jié)間隙，及其拆換滾動(dòng)軸承。

　　6)檢測(cè)與調(diào)節(jié)葉輪密封圈，聯(lián)軸器、旋蓋、水泵密封等各處間隙。

　　7)查驗(yàn)葉輪的平衡和轉(zhuǎn)子的轉(zhuǎn)子動(dòng)平衡。

　　8)查驗(yàn)、清理及其維修電機(jī)。

　　3、不銹鋼多級(jí)潛水泵的維修：

　　1)包含大中修具體內(nèi)容

　　2)更、好葉輪

　　3)拆換泵軸

　　4)泵殼測(cè)厚、評(píng)定，做必需的維修

　　5)精確測(cè)量和調(diào)節(jié)泵殼的平整度，防銹處理防腐蝕。

　　不銹鋼多級(jí)潛水泵的正確使用

　　1、開啟前查驗(yàn)

　　1)查驗(yàn)不銹鋼多級(jí)潛水泵的轉(zhuǎn)為是否正確，各一部分連接螺絲是不是扭緊：填充料旋蓋松緊度是不是適度;家用電器路線、同步帶傳動(dòng)設(shè)備是不是符合規(guī)定;耐腐蝕泵止逆設(shè)備是不是可以信賴;電機(jī)軸承、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及其泵座的潤(rùn)化狀況。

　　2)查驗(yàn)潛水泵徑向間隙是不是調(diào)整好。運(yùn)行前務(wù)必調(diào)整葉輪與葉殼中間的徑向間隙.使葉輪在運(yùn)行時(shí)不與葉殼磨擦又能做到性能要求。深井泵是選用調(diào)節(jié)螺帽來調(diào)整徑向間隙的。要檢查徑向間隙調(diào)節(jié)螺帽上的精準(zhǔn)定位螺絲是不是扭緊，若松脫應(yīng)該馬上扭緊。

　　3)查驗(yàn)橡膠軸承的事先潤(rùn)化狀況。由于井內(nèi)靜水位線較深。啟動(dòng)時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸與橡膠軸承中間會(huì)造成干磨擦，引發(fā)震動(dòng)和滾動(dòng)軸承損壞，因此深井泵啟動(dòng)前必需對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸的橡膠軸承放水事先潤(rùn)化。

　　2、不銹鋼多級(jí)潛水泵的運(yùn)行、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和關(guān)機(jī)

　　1)運(yùn)行。啟動(dòng)時(shí)可將閘閥打開，深井泵一般選用降壓?jiǎn)?dòng)，按壓“運(yùn)行”按鍵，電機(jī)在較低壓下降壓?jiǎn)?dòng)。

　　2)運(yùn)作。潛水泵運(yùn)行幾秒至數(shù)十秒后.水泵轉(zhuǎn)速比貼近正常的，就可以按住“運(yùn)行”按鍵，電機(jī)馬上進(jìn)到正常的轉(zhuǎn)速比下運(yùn)作，多級(jí)離心泵正常的出水量。運(yùn)行中應(yīng)注意觀察電流計(jì)、電流表及有關(guān)儀表盤的標(biāo)示。隨時(shí)隨地留意水泵運(yùn)行是不是平穩(wěn)，水流量是否正常，留意井中水位轉(zhuǎn)變狀況，按時(shí)精確測(cè)量靜、動(dòng)水位線。河水位太過減少，使葉較吞沒深層不足，吸進(jìn)氣體，毀壞水泵的正常運(yùn)行，乃至不可以打水并損壞橡膠軸承。運(yùn)行時(shí)還需要注意出水量含泥沙量，很多泥沙被水泵吸人后.會(huì)引起設(shè)備故障并使電機(jī)過載。截止閥應(yīng)漸漸地開啟，以防大幅度揚(yáng)水，應(yīng)當(dāng)邊留意冒出的沙量，邊開啟截止閥。

　　3)關(guān)機(jī)。按住運(yùn)行管道補(bǔ)償器的“終止”按鍵，就可以完成不銹鋼多級(jí)潛水泵的關(guān)機(jī)。關(guān)機(jī)前須先關(guān)掉出水口上的截止閥，再切斷電源。關(guān)機(jī)后供水管道里的水沒所有流回井中時(shí)，不可再次啟動(dòng)水泵，以防啟動(dòng)輸出功率太大，發(fā)生故障。一般應(yīng)間歇性10-15min后，才可以重新開機(jī)。

　　Maintenance of stainless steel multistage submersible pump

　　Stainless steel multi-stage submersible pumps are mainly made of stainless steel metal composite materials, which are used for diving into the water to extract surface water and to transport substances. The materials include 304 stainless steel submersible pumps, 316 stainless steel deep-water well submersible pumps, 316L stainless steel submersible pumps, etc. the key applications are in extreme and irritating conditions relative to the natural environment. When the stainless steel multi-stage submersible pump is working, some small problems inevitably occur, which endanger the operation of the submersible pump, cause some small problems, common faults of differences, and different maintenance methods. This paper mainly summarizes the abnormal conditions of the stainless steel multi-stage submersible pump, the maintenance methods and their daily maintenance and Application.

　　Common problems and maintenance methods of stainless steel multistage submersible pump

　　1. Difficult or unable to start

　　If the electric switch is covered, the fuse will break immediately or the motor will only make a buzzing sound without rotating or the rotating speed will not reach the rated speed. All belong to common faults at the operation level. Generally, there are two factors: electrical equipment and mechanical equipment:

　　Electrical equipment level: (1) the working voltage is slightly low, and the motor torque is insufficient. The main reason is that the working voltage of the power supply and distribution system is slightly low, the transformer is not large enough or far from the water pump, or the conductor section of the power supply system is too small. (2) One phase of switching power supply is disconnected or one phase fuse is blown, resulting in two-phase starting of motor. (3) If the motor turns to error, two of the three live wires shall be connected at random.

　　At the mechanical equipment level: (1) pre moistening water is not injected before startup or the flow of pre moistening water is insufficient, so pre moistening water needs to be injected. (2) The coordination between the rotating shaft and the rubber bearing is unreasonable, and the clearance is too small. (3) If the rotating shaft is bent or the radial clearance of the impeller is not adjusted properly, resulting in friction or jamming, repair or adjustment shall be carried out. (4) The impeller is blocked by dirt in the pump or the pump shell and rolling bearing contain grit, which should be eliminated immediately.

　　2. No water outlet or small total flow after operation

　　After operation, the pump rotates, but there is no water or the total flow is small. It should be shut down immediately for inspection. If the time is a little longer, the rubber bearing may be ablated and the pump may vibrate. The main reasons are:

　　(1) The pump casing does not engulf the deep enough in the water or the water level in the well drops too much, and the water inlet pipe emerges from the water surface to suck in gas.

　　(2) Sediment and articles in the water block the water inlet, impeller or water guide housing passage. Be sure to clean up the dirt in the pump or well before installing the pump.

　　(3) The impeller is loose, the rotating shaft or the pump shaft is broken, resulting in the shaft rotating impeller does not rotate. This problem is caused by poor installation of pump casing or excessive adjustment of radial clearance.

　　(4) The water outlet is broken and separated, resulting in a lot of water seepage, resulting in reduced water flow or no water.

　　3. Severe vibration during operation of deep well pump

　　(1) When starting, the vibration may be caused by not adding pre moistening water or insufficient water flow. The machine should be shut down and filled with pre moistening water immediately to prevent dry friction from causing the rubber bearing to hold after continuous high temperature.

　　(2) If the radial clearance of the rotating shaft is too small, which causes friction and impact of the impeller and the water guide housing, resulting in vibration, it should be shut down immediately for inspection.

　　(3) If the rotating shaft is bent or the rubber bearing is damaged too much, the support function is lost, and the rotating shaft shakes, the rotating shaft shall be inspected and straightened.

　　(4) If the well pipe is not vertical, and the rotating shaft and water supply pipe are squeezed and bent to cause vibration, the deep well pump shall be removed to straighten the well pipe.

　　4. Output power expansion under operation of deep well pump

　　If the reading value of ammeter or power factor meter on the distribution box suddenly increases, it indicates that the motor power of deep well pump is expanded and the motor load is increased. The cause should be found out immediately and solved to reduce the load duration of the motor as far as possible to prevent damage to the motor. Factors of pump motor power expansion:

　　(1) The radial clearance of the impeller is too small, which causes friction between the impeller and the water guide housing. The clearance shall be adjusted by shutting down the machine.

　　(2) If the filling material is too tight, loosen the screw cap as much as possible.

　　(3) If the motor bearing is damaged, the rolling bearing shall be replaced.

　　(4) The water contains a large amount of sediment, and the operating components are blocked by sediment, so the pump should be removed for well killing.

　　Maintenance steps for stainless steel multi-stage submersible pump:

　　1. Overhaul of stainless steel multistage submersible pump

　　1) Mechanical seal: replacement and cleaning

　　2) Check the rolling bearings and grooves and replace the insulating oil

　　3) Remove the defects and water leakage often found in operation, and regularly check and tighten the anchor bolts at all places.

　　4) Clean and repair the attached gate valve

　　2. Overhaul of stainless steel multi-stage submersible pump:

　　1) Including overhaul details.

　　2) Repair mechanical seal, repair and replace parts.

　　3) Disintegrate, test the damage, corrosion and abrasion level of all parts and components, and repair or replace them.

　　4) Check the damage, corrosion and parallelism of the shaft, and carry out repair or replacement.

　　5) Check the damage condition of the rolling bearing, repair the piston pin, adjust the clearance, and replace the rolling bearing.

　　6) Check and adjust the clearance of impeller sealing ring, coupling, screw cap, water pump seal, etc.

　　7) Check the balance of the impeller and the dynamic balance of the rotor.

　　8) Inspect, clean and repair the motor.

　　3. Maintenance of stainless steel multi-stage submersible pump:

　　1) Including specific contents of large and medium-sized maintenance

　　2) Better impeller

　　3) Replace the pump shaft

　　4) Thickness measurement and evaluation of pump casing and necessary maintenance

　　5) Accurately measure and adjust the flatness of the pump casing, and carry out anti rust treatment and anti-corrosion.

　　Correct use of stainless steel multistage submersible pump

　　1. Inspection before opening

　　1) Check whether the rotation of the stainless steel multi-stage submersible pump is correct, whether the connecting screws of each part are tightened, and whether the tightness of the filler screw cap is appropriate; Whether the route of household appliances and synchronous belt transmission equipment meet the requirements; Whether the anti-corrosion pump check equipment can be trusted; Lubrication condition of motor bearing, transmission system and pump seat.

　　2) Check whether the radial clearance of submersible pump is properly adjusted. Be sure to adjust the radial clearance between the impeller and the blade casing before operation The impeller can meet the performance requirements without friction with the blade shell during operation. Deep well pump adopts adjusting nut to adjust radial clearance. Check whether the precise positioning screw on the radial clearance adjusting nut is tightened. If it is loose, tighten it immediately.

　　3) Check the pre wetting condition of rubber bearings. Due to the deep static water level in the well. During startup, dry friction will be caused between the rotating shaft and the rubber bearing, causing vibration and damage to the rolling bearing. Therefore, the rubber bearing of the rotating shaft must be moistened before starting the deep well pump.

　　2. Operation, operation and shutdown of stainless steel multistage submersible pump

　　1) Operation. When starting, the gate valve can be opened. Generally, the deep well pump is started by depressurization. Press the "run" button, and the motor is started by depressurization under low pressure.

　　2) Operation. The submersible pump runs for several seconds to tens of seconds When the speed ratio of the water pump is close to normal, you can press and hold the "run" button, and the motor will immediately enter the normal speed ratio for operation. The normal water output of the multi-stage centrifugal pump. During operation, pay attention to the marks of ammeter, ammeter and relevant instrument panels. Pay attention to whether the water pump operates stably and whether the water flow is normal at any time, pay attention to the change of water level in the well, and accurately measure the static and dynamic water levels on time. The water level of the river is too low, which makes the leaves engulf the deep enough to suck in gas, which destroys the normal operation of the water pump, and even cannot draw water and damage the rubber bearing. During operation, it is also necessary to pay attention to the sediment content of water output. A lot of sediment is sucked by the water pump It will cause equipment failure and overload the motor. The stop valve shall be opened gradually to prevent large-scale water lifting. The stop valve shall be opened while paying attention to the amount of sand emerging.

　　3) Shut down. Press and hold the "stop" button of the operating pipeline compensator to complete the shutdown of the stainless steel multi-stage submersible pump. Shut off the stop valve on the water outlet before shutting down the machine, and then cut off the power supply. When the water in the water supply pipeline does not flow back to the well after shutdown, do not start the water pump again to prevent failure due to too large starting output power. Generally, restart the machine after 10-15min intermittence.